Thanks to the work of breeders, gardeners of the Moscow region and the entire Central region, they collect stable sweet cherry crops. To date, many frost-resistant varieties of cherries that feel comfortable in a temperate continental climate have been bred.
Criteria for choosing a variety for the Moscow region
The most hardy varieties of cherries, zoned in the suburbs, require certain conditions for growth, development and fruiting. Choosing cherries for the suburbs, take into account, first of all:
- ripening dates;
- soil requirements;
- frost resistance.
Even zoned cherries can be damaged by early and late frosts - spring and autumn. Sweet cherry loves warmth, sun and fertile soil - this combination is not often found in the suburbs. That is why breeders, working on the creation of new varieties, are working to increase their endurance and adaptability to the far-not-so-good conditions of the Moscow Region.
The gardener should know more about the plants, and therefore we recommend reading the article on the most common varieties of cherries.
Self-fertile and self-infertile cherries for the Moscow region:
Self-fertile and partially self-fertile varieties | Large-fruited varieties | The sweetest grades |
People’s Syubarova | People’s Syubarova | Gift to Stepanov |
Homestead yellow | Michurinskaya | Homestead yellow |
Valery Chkalov | Valery Chkalov | Valery Chkalov |
Fatezh | Fatezh | Fatezh |
Iput | Veda | Iput |
Sheepskin | Teremoshka | Sheepskin |
Turtle | Odrinka | Tyutchevka |
Revna | Revna | Revna |
Productivity, color and weight of fruits in sweet cherry varieties for Moscow region
Color and grade | Colour | Productivity, kg per tree | The weight of the fruit, g |
Chermashnaya | yellow | 25-35 | 4,4 |
Homestead yellow | yellow | 45-55 | 6 |
Leningrad black | dark red / black | 30-40 | 3-3,5 |
Veda | dark red / black | 25-65 | 5-6 |
Valery Chkalov | dark red / black | 60-170 | 6-8 |
Iput | dark red / black | 25-50 | 5-5,5 |
Sheepskin | dark red / black | 15-20 | 4-6 |
Gift to Stepanov | dark red / black | 55-65 | 4-4,5 |
Bryansk pink | pink | 20-30 | 4-5,5 |
Oryol pink | pink | 25-35 | 4-4,5 |
Fatezh | red yellow | 45-55 | 5-7 |
The best varieties with description and photo
Below we list the best varieties of cherries for the suburbs.
Lena
The late-ripening variety "Lena" has been in variety testing since 2006. The medium-sized tree has a standard round-oval crown. The variety needs pollinators. Recommended varieties - Iput, Revna, Ovstuzhenka. The tree begins to bear fruit in the 4th year.
“Lena” has large, dark red fruits, weighing from 6 to 8 g. Ripe cherries turn black and red. The variety practically does not suffer from coccomycosis, moniliosis, and kleasterosporiosis. Tasting score - 4.7 out of 5 possible. The average yield of the variety is 80 kg / ha. This variety is chosen because of the large tasty fruits, high yield and frost resistance.
Michurinskaya (Michurinka)
Late ripe sweet cherries bred by the breeders of VNII named after Michurin. In variety testing since 1994. In a medium-sized tree, characterized by rapid growth, the crown is raised, round-oval. The tree gives the first fruits for the 5-6th year.
Dark red drupes weigh about 6-7 g. The fruit has short stalks that can easily be separated from the branches. The variety is versatile and well transported. From 1 ha collect from 80 to 140 c. The variety needs pollinators. The recommended pollinator is Pink Pearl. The variety is recommended for the Moscow Region - it is frost-resistant, resistant to drought, and does not suffer from coccomycosis. A minus of a grade - the wood can be damaged by frosts, and because of this the tree is short-lived.
Veda
Late ripe sweet cherry of domestic selection. Recommended for the Central region. The tree is low - about 2.5 m. At this height, it is convenient to look after the tree and harvest. Crohn is round, wide. Recommended pollinators - Bryanochka, Tyutchevka, Bryansk pink.
Fruits are deep red, almost black. They weigh about 5-6 g. The flesh is dark red, the juice is burgundy. Productivity - 77-80 kg / ha. From 25 to 65 kg of sweet cherry grows on one tree. Transported well, so the variety is good for commercial cultivation. "Veda" attracts gardeners of the Moscow region with high frost resistance, sweetness and versatility of fruits. Specialists put a grade of tasting grade - 4.6 points. Drought tolerance is medium, and winter hardiness is high. After the harshest winters, flower buds persist by 80%.
From a botanical point of view, cherries are a fruit, a drupe, from the culinary household - a berry.
Raditsa
An early variety of domestic selection introduced in the State Register in 2001. The tree grows quickly, has an average growth of up to 4 m, and a medium-thick crown. Needs pollination. Recommended varieties - Iput, Revna, Tyutchevka. The crop appears for 4-5 years. About 1 kg / ha is collected from 1 ha.
Drupe slightly elongated, dark red. The ripening fruits turn black. The pulp and juice are dark red. One drupe weighs an average of 4.5 g. The maximum weight is 6 g. Pedunks are long and thin. Tasting score - 4.5 points. The stalks easily come off the branches - it is easy to harvest. Resists frosts to minus 35 degrees. It does not suffer from coccomycosis and moniliosis. The fruits do not crack.
Iput
Early ripe sweet cherry. The height of the tree is 4 m. It has a wide pyramidal crown. Although the variety is early, in the suburbs he ripens only at the end of June. One tree grows 25-50 kg of fruit. The best pollinators are Revna, Tyutchevka.
The color of cherries changes as they ripen - from red to black. Weight - 5-5.5 g. Maximum weight - 9 g. Easily come off the stalks. Very juicy and sweet flesh. Tasting score - 4.5. Cons - crack during rains, the bones are separated with difficulty, exactingness to the soil. Pros - resistance to fungus, frost resistance, versatility, the possibility of transportation, keeping quality.
Rechitsa
The variety is mid-season. The tree grows quickly to 3-4 m. The crown is pyramidal. Ripens in the second half of July. From 1 ha, 80 centners are harvested, maximum - 140 centners One tree produces about 30 kg of fruit. Recommended pollinator - Iput. Fruits a tree in the 5th year.
Drupe rounded, rich red, to black. Weigh 5-6 g. Juice and pulp of red color. The berries taste sweet, with an estimated score of 4.5. When transported from the fruit juice does not flow - cherries can be transported without loss. The fruits are universal - they are tasty fresh and good in preparations. Drought tolerance is medium and frost resistance is high. The variety is resistant to return frosts.
Bryansk pink
This variety has been recently bred, but has already become popular among gardeners. Subject to agricultural technology, Bryanskaya pink is excellent fruiting in the suburbs. In the Central region it was zoned in 1993. The variety is late. The tree has a wide pyramidal crown. Pollinators - Iput, Revna, Ovstuzhenka. On one tree - 20-30 kg of sweet cherry.
Drupe rounded, pink. On the skin - mottled pattern. Weight - 4-5.5 cm. The flesh is yellow in color, with characteristic cartilage. The juice is clear and colorless. Taste rated by tasters at 4.1 points. The variety is valued for berries - very beautiful and tasty, winter hardiness, resistance to fungal diseases. The fruits do not crack. The tree grows slowly, fruiting - in the 5th year. Fruits easily come off with stalks.
It is well stored in the refrigerator - up to 2 weeks. The purpose is universal. The tree tolerates spring frosts, the stem is resistant to sunburn. High immunity to moniliosis and coccomycosis.
Sheepskin
Early ripening variety. In the State Register of the Central Region since 2001. Trees grow small height. The growth rate is high. Medium-thick crown spherical, slightly elevated. The first fruits appear at 4-5 years. Remove up to 16 kg of sweet cherry from a tree. Very low self-pollination - only 5%. Pollinators - Iput, Raditsa, Revna, Bryanskaya pink, Tyutchevka.
Fruits are large - from 4 to 6 g. Oval-rounded fruits of dark red color, ripening, turn black. Do not crack even at high humidity. The berries are extremely sweet. Estimated score - 4.7. The variety is very resistant to fungal diseases. Gardeners in Ovstuzhenka are attracted by the aesthetics and taste of fruits, compactness and stunting of trees, productivity and immunity to diseases.
Odrinka
From medium late varieties. The variety is relatively new - in the register for the Central region was entered in 2004. Trees are medium-tall, with a medium-dense crown. Begins to bear fruit in the 5th year. Pollinators - Rechitsa, Ovstuzhenka, Revna. From 1 ha collect from 80 c. The maximum yield is 220 c.
Fruits weigh from 5.5 to 7.5 g. Rounded drupes of dark red color have a dense red flesh. Assessment of taste - 4.7 points. Stam is resistant to extreme conditions - the sun and frost. Frost resistance - up to minus 34 ° С.
People’s Syubarova
Unlike most varieties of cherries, Narodnaya Syubarova is a self-fertile variety. Self-pollination - about 90%. Bred by Belarusian breeders. The tree is powerful, tall - 5-6 m, with a very wide crown. On 1 tree, up to 55 kg of cherries grows. The first crop is 4 years after tree planting.
The berries are dark scarlet with a glossy skin. One fruit weighs about 6 g. The variety tolerates frosts and strong winds. Powerful branches - withstand heavy snow load. The variety as a whole is unpretentious to soils. Differs in amicable ripening. Congenital immunity to coccomycosis, other fungal diseases.
Chermashnaya
A relatively new, yellow fruit variety. In the State Register - since 2004. Zoned in the Central region. The trees are powerful, medium-tall, up to 5 m high. The crown is round-oval, slightly elevated. The first harvest is for 4-5 years. On young trees, 7 years old, up to 12 kg of sweet cherry ripen. On adult trees - 30 kg. Productivity - 85 kg / ha. Needs pollinators.
The fruits are yellow, with a pink blush, weighing 4.4 g. The fruits are medium-sized, but there are many of them. The fruit has a dense pulp, juicy and tender. The berries taste sweet and sour. The variety refers to dessert. Estimated score is 4.4. Winter hardiness of the kidneys is average. Overall winter hardiness is good. High immunity to fungal diseases. Minus - short storage.
Teremoshka
Variety with medium ripening. Weak trees have a wide-round crown. Desirable pollinators - Bryanskaya pink, Ovstuzhenka. From 1 ha, 50 to 100 c.
The fruits are dark red, weight - 5-6.5 g. The fruits are sweet, rated on a tasting scale of 4.7 points. Sweet cherries almost do not crack in wet weather. Frost resistance - up to minus 34 ° С. High resistance to fungi. The fruits are dense, well transported.
Leningrad black
Mid-season grade. One of the first winter-hardy varieties of cherries - it is grown even in the Non-Chernozem region and in the north of the Central Black Earth zone. A medium-sized tree with a spreading crown. 30-40 kg of cherries are harvested from the tree. The height of the tree is 3-4 m. It begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year. The collection is the second decade of July. The variety is self-fertile, pollinators are recommended - Iput, Revna, Veda.
The fruits are sweet, black and red. Weight - 3-3.5 g. The taste is traditional, cherry, sweet to cloying, with a slight acidity. Ripening, do not fall for a long time. The fruits are medium and large. The pulp is dense, fibrous. Tasting score - 4.2 points.
Homestead yellow
Early table variety. Self-fertile. The tree grows quickly, but begins to bear fruit only in the 6th year. The variety has been zoned in the Central region since 1998.
The fruits are yellow, large, rounded, weight - 5.5 g. The flesh is cartilaginous, juicy, with colorless juice. The taste is sweet and sour. The score is 4.7 points. The berries are beautiful, do not crack in the rain. The buds are resistant to spring frost.
Fatezh
This mid-season variety came to the State Register in 2001. The variety is zoned in the Central region. Trees of medium height - 3-5 m. Crowns - spherical. Harvest - for 4-5 years. 50 kg of cherries are harvested from a tree, 300 c from 1 ha. Pollinators - Revna, Raditsa, Sheepskin, Chermashnaya.
Drupe medium-large, rounded. Color - red-yellow. With light pink pulp, juicy, dense, cartilaginous. Weight - 6 g. The fruit from the peduncle comes off dry. Winter hardiness is above average. Buds, in comparison with branches and a trunk, are less frost-resistant. Resistance to fungal diseases. Minus - a tendency to gumming.
Valery Chkalov
This early cherry has long been known to gardeners. The variety was bred in the 50s of the last century. The tree is tall - reaches 6 m, and a thick stem. He has a broad-pyramidal medium-thick crown. Early maturity is average - fruiting begins by the 5th year. Optimal pollinators - April, June early, Skorospelka. About 60 kg of sweet cherry grows on a tree. There are super-yielding trees from which they collect up to 170 kg of berries.
The fruits are large, reaching a weight of 6-8 g. The color is dark red. Ripening, the cherry becomes almost black. The peduncle is firmly attached to the drupe. When the stalk is torn off, the fruit releases juice. The semi-cartilaginous pulp has a dark red color, the veins are pink. The berries have a very good dessert flavor. This variety is ideal for canning - very tasty compotes are obtained. Frost resistance at an average level - up to minus 23 degrees. When frosts flower buds freeze - dies up to 60-70%. The variety is affected by coccomycosis and gray rot. To other fungal diseases, the variety is relatively resistant. This variety is attracted by its delicious large fruits, early ripening and plentiful harvests.
Tyutchevka
This late variety has very weak self-pollination ability - not more than 6%. Desirable pollinators - Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Revna. Differs in high productivity - Trees are medium-sized, fast-growing, with spherical spreading crowns. By the 5th year of planting - the first berries.
Dark red fruits have a dense, cartilaginous flesh. Average weight - 5.3 g. The tree withstands frosts down to minus 25 ° С - without shelter, with shelter - up to minus 35 ° С. Very good taste. Assessment of tasters is almost the maximum - 4.9 points. Pros - well stored and transported. Minus - it is afraid of humidity, with waterlogging cherries crack. Drufs come off dry stalks. It has exceptional resistance to moniliosis, to other diseases - medium resistance.
Red hill
This early table variety was bred in 2001. The variety is early-growing - the first fruits appear on the 4th year of planting. One tree gives up to 45 kg of cherries. The trees at the "Red Hill" are low, with a wide rounded crown. Berry picking time is mid-July. This is a self-fertile variety, it needs pollinators - Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa or Bryanskaya pink. The peak yield is from 6 to 12 years. But already by the age of 16 it becomes old, productivity drops sharply, the tree is rejected by age.
Fruits are rounded, collected in bunches, densely hanging on the branches. The taste is sweet, sourness is insignificant. Color - golden, with a scarlet blush. The weight of one fetus is 4-6 g. Transportability is satisfactory. Cherry is soft and juicy - refrigerators and special containers are needed for transportation. The variety is quite winter-hardy.
Pounded
An early, fast-growing variety. Ripening is the end of June. The cultivation year is 1999. The first cherries appear in the 4th year. Self-infertile grade. As pollinators use sweet cherries, Beauty, Iput, Zhurba. Productivity - 200 centners per 1 ha. About 30 kg is collected from the tree. Tree height - 4-5 m.
The fruits are heart-shaped, dark red, weigh an average of 4.6 g. The stalk comes off without juice. The bones are small, easily move away from the pulp. Assessment of tasters - 4.8 points. It is resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis. Sweet cherries are suitable for long hauls. High resistance to drought. High frost resistance - up to minus 27 ° С.
Revna
Middle-late sweet cherry - ripening occurs in late June. Begins to bear fruit only in the 5th year. The trees are medium-sized, fast-growing, with pyramidal crowns. 14-30 kg of sweet cherry grows on a tree. From 1 ha, 75 to 115 centners are harvested.Pollinate with varieties of sweet cherries Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka, Venyaminova.
Dark red, black fruits weigh 5-8 g. This beautiful, juicy and sweet cherry is rated by tasters at 4.9 points. The peduncle comes off dry, without juice. The variety is resistant to frost, fungal diseases and fruit cracking.
Oryol pink
Dessert variety with medium ripening dates - in mid-July. The height of the tree is 3.5 m. The crown is pyramidal in shape, flat and raised. Early ripening - bears fruit in the 3rd year. From 1 ha, 70 to 110 centners are harvested.
The weight of the round, pink cherries is about 4 g. The flesh is pink, medium-dense, juicy, sweet and sour. Assessment of tasters - 4.4 points. Relative resistance to fungal diseases. Winter hardiness is medium.
Gift to Stepanov
A completely new, medium-late variety - it was added to the State Register only in 2015. The fruits ripen by mid-July. The tree grows to 3.5 m. The crop appears in the 4th year. On 1 ha grows up to 80 c. On a tree - up to 60 kg.
Dark red fruits weigh about 4 g. There are no subcutaneous dots. The berries taste sweet, the rating of tasters is 4.9. Thin stalks are easily separated from the shoots. The fruits are prone to shedding, because they are harvested immediately after ripening. Sweet cherries are suitable for preserves and desserts, tasty in fresh form. Resistant to drought. Transportability is limited - the fruits have a thin skin and easily let in juice.
Features of planting and growing cherries in the suburbs
Cherry, of all fruit trees, is the most demanding of growing conditions. This tree must be planted in well-lit, sheltered from the wind places. The root system of cherries should be in a comfortable humidity.
More about sweet cherry planting in spring is written here.
Briefly about the features of planting cherries in the suburbs:
- A tree is planted on the south side of a fence - a building, a fence, a breaker shield. To increase the reflectivity of the surface, it is painted white.
- Neighboring trees should be at least 7 m away.
- Seedlings are planted in the spring. For them form raised ridges. The seat is prepared in the fall - so that the soil is donkey and compacted.
- In the lowlands, trees are not planted - the proximity of groundwater has a detrimental effect on cherries.
- The distance between neighboring seedlings is 5-6 m.
In the Moscow region, cherry fruits are threatened by birds - mountain ash thrushes. In order for the birds not to glue, you have to use various repellers. Yellow cherries are not interested in birds, so it is ideal for growing in the suburbs.
Features of growing cherries in the suburbs:
- After each watering - mulching. It is impossible to overmoisten the soil - roots can rot.
- Weed weeding is required.
- In the spring - top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers (30 g of urea per 10 liters of water).
- During flowering - fertilizing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. 30 g of superphosphate and potassium sulfide are dissolved in a bucket of water. And they add manure - 0.8 kg. The second top dressing is in the summer, after harvesting.
- In the fall they fertilize with humus - 4 kg per 1 sq. Km. m
- In spring and autumn - pruning in accordance with the age and condition of the tree.
- Root shoots are regularly removed.
- For prevention, spray Bordeaux liquid.
In order for the cherry to grow and bear fruit in the conditions of the Moscow Region, it is necessary to choose the most frost-resistant varieties or zoned in the Central region for planting. Choosing the right variety, and creating a tree comfortable growing conditions, you will definitely get a long-awaited crop.
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