Mushrooms are an important source of fiber, trace elements and vitamins that the human body needs for normal life. Many types are used by medicine and pharmaceuticals as a means of treating diseases and a source of raw materials for the creation of various medicines. Edible and tasty mushrooms in Kazan are harvested from the beginning of spring until the onset of cold weather.
Types of mushrooms in the Kazan region
Varieties of mushrooms
All types of these amazing forest organisms are divided according to the degree of edibility and taste.
According to the degree of edibility, mushrooms are divided into the following categories:
- edible;
- conditionally edible;
- inedible;
- and poisonous.
Representatives of the first two categories - edible and conditionally edible - are divided into 4 more categories, but already in terms of taste:
Category 1: only edible mushrooms related to it (category 1 of edibility) can be eaten raw, without health concerns (champignons, russula, etc.). The most delicious are porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, etc. They are easy to clean and quick to prepare. All qualities are preserved when freezing or drying.
Category 2: mushrooms, boletus, polish, chanterelles, etc. - tasty and popular, but not so bright. It was this feature that sent them to the 2nd taste category. They make excellent soups, hot dishes and salads.
Category 3: mushrooms, morels, oyster mushrooms, etc. belong here. They are more suitable for pates and light snacks, with the addition of other vegetables.
Category 4: This includes mushrooms with low palatability. It includes conditionally edible varieties of mushrooms: flyworm, milkweed, mountain goat, etc. They are soaked for a long time to get rid of the specific bitter aftertaste, boiled for up to 40 minutes and then cooked according to the main recipe, with the addition of spices to enhance the taste.
Description of species
Edible mushrooms begin to bear crops in spring, when the air warms up enough and the soil is still moist. For collecting different types of mushrooms, the Kazan direction is considered one of the best. There are about 1000 edible species.
Good yields are due to the favorable climatic and natural location of Tatarstan, on the territory of which there are both mixed forests and deciduous ones.
The most popular in the Kazan region are:
- noble whites;
- boletus;
- aspen mushrooms;
- boletus;
- boletus;
- mushrooms
- mushrooms;
- russula;
- milk mushrooms;
- loading;
- poddubki, etc.
It is difficult to enumerate everything, because every lover of “hunting” has favorite mushroom spots and a species that is more preferable.
In spring, the first morels and lines appear. Those who like to walk through a quiet, still empty and bare forest find them in clearings or under birches, on a pillow made of last year's foliage.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
All morels are spring mushrooms that can be found in forests, parks and gardens. In large quantities, they appear on forest fires in 2-3 years. In old conflagrations they continue to grow, but in smaller quantities. Morels are not tied to certain types of trees, they are saprophytes. However, it has been suggested that they are capable of forming mycorrhiza with certain tree species, such as ash.
After the summer rains, the first boletus and boletus boletus appear, which glisten in the sun with their brown caps.
Mushrooms and honey mushrooms delight fans of "quiet hunting" until the coldest weather. One family of honey agarics is capable of filling a whole basket.
Poisonous varieties
Don't pick suspicious mushrooms
Poisonous and inedible species are often found near edibles. If a fly agaric comes across on the way, it means that a white mushroom is growing somewhere nearby. Amanita muscaria is often confused with young russula. They have a similar cap shape. But russula do not have a thin "skirt" on the stem and a clenched expansion at the base of the stem.
Sometimes poisonous species are confused with their edible counterparts. The pale grebe is similar in external description to a young mushroom or honey fungus. At certain times, it becomes a lot, and it is easy for beginners to make mistakes. Green russula and pale toadstool have a dangerous resemblance, so novice mushroom pickers should be very careful not to put a dangerous specimen in their basket that can nullify all your efforts.
But the satanic mushroom cannot be found in the Kazan region. As well as known in other areas, Caesar is an edible mushroom belonging to the genus Amanita.
You should be attentive to the harvest, pay attention to seemingly insignificant little things: appearance, smell, color of the cut. The main rule of mushroom pickers is that with the slightest doubt, you should not put a suspicious mushroom in the basket.
Rare species
Rare specimens are found in this area. A white truffle is included in the Red Book, which is sometimes found in the forests of Tatarstan.
He is often confused with Brum's melanogaster. Outwardly, they are similar, but in composition and structure they have nothing in common. These black "stones" grow in the ground.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Melanogaster Bruma is an inedible mushroom of the Pig family, of the Melanogaster genus, which is often called the "false truffle". Its fruiting body, reaching a diameter of 1.5-8 cm, is practically spherical or, less often, irregular tuberous. At the base of the apothecia there are brown mycelial strands. The peridium (shell) in young mushrooms is yellow-brown, but in older specimens it is dark brown. Its surface can be either smooth or felt to the touch.
Inside there is a hard glebe that changes its color from brown to brown-black. In the glebe there are rounded chambers with a black, shiny, gelatinous substance. False truffles grow in the forest floor of deciduous forests. You can find them under a layer of fallen leaves.
The mushrooms listed in the Red Data Book need protection and monitoring of their habitats.
Mushroom places
The mushroom map of the region shows where it is better to look for certain species, depending on the season that has come.
It is better not to take mushrooms near the city, within its boundaries, where there are many industrial enterprises, dumps and busy highways. They can be unsafe to health. It is better to go to the Swan Lake, in the Zelenodolsk region, and collect a lot of butter and mushrooms. After the rains, many boletus and boletus boletus are traditionally gathered in these parts.
- Vysokogorsky district: here the soil is especially fertile. Therefore, there are many boletus and honey agarics near the village of Kamenka.
- Arsk district, mixed forests: are famous for their hemp mushrooms, boletus and aspen mushrooms.
- Laishevsky district, village of Stolbishcha: behind him, in the forest, mushroom pickers prefer to collect milk mushrooms, mushrooms and boletus mushrooms.
- Kirovsky district, village Zaymishche: behind it are the best places for collecting full baskets of milk mushrooms, chanterelles and honey agarics.
- Soviet district: It is distinguished by the variety and presence of a huge number of mushroom places where boletus, white milk mushrooms and white mushrooms are collected. If you climb further into the bowl, then it is easy to gain a lot of honey agarics on old stumps.
Where not to collect
On the territory of the Volga-Kama nature reserve, near Raifa, you cannot pick mushrooms. All plants and other living organisms in this area are protected by law. Mushroom picking is also prohibited in the Sviyazhsky State Wildlife Refuge. many of them are rare and listed in the Red Book.
The rains have passed - the mushrooms have gone!
Mushrooms in Kazan markets have not been tested for toxicity
Unusual European mushroom discovered in Tatarstan
Conclusion
Before walking through the forest, it is important to remember what you can collect and what you shouldn't touch. Collection methods are different: a cut with a sharp knife or twisting, it all depends on your preferences. But in any case, it is important to preserve the mycelium. You should not neglect your own safety, taste raw mushrooms or put suspicious ones in a basket, you should stock up on anti-mosquito remedies, a compass, matches and a flashlight.