Every year, mushroom pickers look forward to the start of the season to go on a “quiet hunt”. Edible mushrooms of the Lipetsk region are one of the best representatives of the Mushroom Kingdom.
Mushrooms of the Lipetsk region
Types of mushrooms in the Lipetsk region
Edible mushrooms in the Lipetsk region:
- White mushrooms.
- Millers.
- Duboviks.
- Honey mushrooms.
- Champignons.
- Flywheels.
- Russula.
- Waves.
- Gyropores.
- Milk mushrooms.
- Ryzhiki.
- Blueberries.
- Boletus.
Most of the mushrooms in the Lipetsk region are autumn, but some start growing in May. The names of the species characterize either their habitat or some feature of the structure, appearance. You can pick such mushrooms without risk to health. They have a pleasant taste and aroma, and also lend themselves well to heat treatment.
Conditionally edible
Species such as russula, volnushki, honey mushrooms or milk mushrooms are conditionally edible. They are eaten without health risks, but they do not have a pronounced pleasant taste. They are also characterized by a rigid structure.
White mushroom
In the Lipetsk region, porcini mushrooms grow, which are one of the most popular, but rare species. They have many beneficial properties due to their rich mineral and vitamin composition.
The name of the porcini mushrooms reflects their color. The variety is characterized by a tubular hymenophore and a massive thick pillow-like cap. Inside the mushroom there is a juicy and dense pulp with a bright taste.
Inedible varieties
Poisonous mushrooms in the Lipetsk region:
- Poisonous greenfinch: it is an inedible relative of the common greenfinch. Not suitable for food, as it contains poison that does not go away during heat treatment. However, the mushroom is harmful to the body only when consumed in large quantities. The taste is bitter and tart.
- Red and brown mushrooms: are also a variety of edible mushrooms of the same name. The main distinguishing feature is a tight circle near the base of the stem. Prefers deciduous forests, grows under dry trees.
- «Lactose»Poisonous or gray-pink milky: a distinctive feature of the inedible variety is the strong hay aroma of dried mushrooms. It is considered highly toxic and even in small quantities causes poisoning and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Lines: autumn poisonous mushrooms of the Lipetsk region, which begin to appear in late spring. A small wrinkled cap is a characteristic feature.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Unlike its spring relatives, the autumn line has a special shape of a hat, which gave it another name - the horned line. The species name itself says that this mushroom bears fruit in autumn. His cap is folded in shape and can reach 10 cm in width. It is brown in color in young specimens, and brown-black in older specimens. Its surface is velvety. Most often, there are mushrooms in which the cap looks like three horns fused together. The edges of the cap grow tightly to the leg flattened from the sides and 3-10 cm long. If we take its diameter, then it will be something about 1.5 cm. The color of the leg can be whitish and vary up to brown-gray. The pulp is whitish, brittle, waxy. It contains significantly more toxins than other species of the Strochok genus. These mushrooms are classified as poisonous.
When picking mushrooms, you need to be extremely careful so that a poisonous mushroom does not get into the basket, which can ruin the dish at best, and at worst - send eaters to a hospital bed.
Conditions for a good harvest of mushrooms
The yield of mushrooms depends on many factors.
In order for the mushrooms to "go", the necessary weather conditions are required. There must be a suitable humidity and ambient temperature. Abundant rains have a good effect on the crop. Also an important factor is the ecological situation and the climatic zone. The further south the region is, the earlier they begin to pick mushrooms there.
Suitable weather conditions for growth:
- air temperature within + 17 ... + 19 ° С
- humidity 85-90%;
- the presence of a large amount of morning dew.
Mushroom picking places
Edible and poisonous mushrooms of the Lipetsk region grow in forests with the following tree species:
- conifers;
- oak;
- aspen;
- Birch.
Mushroom pickers are not recommended to pick mushrooms where alder, poplar and mountain ash are common. They do not attract mushrooms because they do not possess the properties they need.
The Lipetsk region map is rich in mushroom spots. Mokhoviks and whites grow in the area of the town of Dobrovka. Also a good place is the Karamashevsky district. In some forests, there are 2-3 times more mushrooms than usual, due to the presence of moss and foliage on the soil. Boletus, spruce and chanterelles live in the Plekhanov Okrug. Many plants live near the Matyr reservoir, but due to the peculiarities of the ecosystem, the mushrooms here are mostly wormy.
Collection rules
Mushroom places in the Lipetsk region abound not only in edible varieties, but also in poisonous ones. When collecting, it is important:
- the ability to determine whether it is possible to use the fruit body in cooking;
- do not cut off specimens with an open hat, as this is a sign of old age and the beginning of decay processes;
- go out on a "quiet hunt" early in the morning so that the sun does not have time to warm up the soil (such mushrooms are better stored);
- do not cut mushrooms near motorways, landfills and railway tracks, because mushrooms are natural bioaccumulators that accumulate all substances from the environment in their fruiting bodies;
- collect mushrooms in baskets made of natural material, and not in plastic bags or bags, etc.
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Conclusion
In case of poisoning with inedible varieties, you must contact an ambulance. It is forbidden to use the plant for people with chronic stomach diseases, young children and pregnant women.